The 1972 Nicaragua earthquake refers to the incident that occurred in Managua, the capital of Nicaragua. With a magnitude of 6.2, it occurred at a depth of approximately five kilometers beneath the center of the city. Within an hour after the main shock, two aftershocks occurred. The earthquake caused widespread damage and approximately 5,000 of the 400,000 population of Managua were killed, leaving 20,000 injured and over 250,000 homeless.
Managua has a long history of volcanic and seismic activity which arises from the relative movements of two crustal plates. Rather than a simple crustal movement between the two plates, the earthquake was believed to have been caused by a shallow adjustment to geological pressure. The earthquake severely damaged an area of 27 square kilometers and destroyed 13 square kilometers in the city center. Much of the damage arose from seismic ground movement.
The water and electrical power network was affected to the extent that a week after the earthquake only 10% of the city had any working water service. Two-thirds of Managua’s 325,000 residents were displaced and faced famine and disease. The earthquake destroyed all the fire-fighting equipment available and fires were prevalent in some areas for several days. Due to the extent of the damage, the Managua city center was never rebuilt.
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