The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, also known as the Great Lisbon Earthquake, took place on November 1, 1755. The earthquake was followed by a tsunami and fire, which caused near-total destruction of Lisbon, Portugal and adjoining areas.
Geologists today estimate that the Lisbon earthquake approached magnitude 9 on the Richter scale, with an epicenter in the Atlantic Ocean. Estimates place the death toll between 60,000 to 100,000 people, making it one of the most destructive earthquakes in history. The earthquake accentuated political tensions in Portugal and profoundly disrupted the country’s 18th century colonial ambitions.
As the first earthquake studied scientifically for its effects over a large area, it led to the birth of modern seismology. Lisbon was not the only Portuguese city affected by the catastrophe. In particular, destruction was rampant in the Algarve. A tsunami destroyed some coastal fortresses and, in the lower levels, razed several houses. Almost all the coastal towns and villages in the area were heavily damaged. The king and prime minister immediately launched efforts to rebuild Lisbon, hiring architects, engineers and organizing labor.
