The Hartford Circus Fire, which occurred in Hartford, Connecticut, was one of the worst fire disasters in the history of the United States. The fire occurred during an afternoon performance of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus that was attended by approximately 7,500 to 8,700 people.
The fire began as a small flame about 20 minutes into the show on the southwest sidewall of the tent. Circus Bandleader Merle Evans is said to be first person to spot the flames and immediately directed the band to play “Stars and Stripes Forever,” the tune that traditionally signaled distress to all circus personnel. The Ringmaster urged the audience not to panic and leave in an orderly fashion but the power failed and he could not be heard. Ushers unsuccessfully tried to maintain some order as the as the panicked crowd tried to flee the big top.
It is estimated that between 167 and 169 people were killed and over 700 injured. The cause of the fire remains unproven but investigators at the time believed it was caused by a carelessly flicked cigarette while others suspected arson. While many people were burned to death by the fire, many others died as a result of the ensuing chaos. Although the circus accepted full responsibility for the financial damages, they did not accept responsibility for the disaster itself.
