Nov 16

Skylab 4 was the fourth Skylab mission and placed the third crew on board. It started with the launch of three astronauts on a Saturn IB rocket and lasted 84 days. Astronauts performed scientific experiments in the areas of medical activities, solar observations and other experiments.

The all-rookie astronaut crew had problems adjusting to the same workload level as their predecessors when activating the workshop. The crew attempted to hide on astronaut’s early motion sickness from flight surgeons. The crew’s initial task of unloading and stowing the thousands of items needed for their lengthy mission also proved to be overwhelming.

As the activation of Skylab progressed, the astronauts complained of being pushed too hard and the ground crews disagreed with them. During the course of the mission, this culminated in the crew announcing an unscheduled day off, mutinying against Mission Control by turning off the communications radio while getting some rest. After a radio conference to air frustrations, their workload schedule was modified, and by the end of their mission the crew had completed even more work than had been planned before the launch. These experiences provided important lessons in planning subsequent manned spaceflight work schedules.

Aug 28

Scientific American is a popular science magazine published first weekly and later monthly since August 28, 1845, making it one of the oldest continuously published periodicals in the United States. It brings articles about new and innovative research to the amateur and lay audience.

It had a monthly circulation of roughly 555,000 US and 90,000 international as of December 2005. It is a forum where scientific theories and discoveries are explained to a broader audience. In the past, scientists interested in fields outside their own areas of expertise made up the magazine’s target audience. Now, the publication is aimed at educational general readers who are interested in scientific issues. The magazine was founded by Rufus M. Porter as a single-page newsletter and throughout its early years Scientific American put much emphasis on reports of what was going on at the US patent office.

The publication reported on a broad range of inventions that includes perpetual motion machines, an 1849 device for buoying vessels by Abraham Lincoln, and the universal joint which now finds a place in nearly every automobile manufactured. The magazine evolved into something of a “workbench” publication, similar to the 20th century incarnation of Popular Science.